SB1262

THE SENATE	S.B. NO.	1262
THIRTY-THIRD LEGISLATURE, 2025
STATE OF HAWAII

A BILL FOR AN ACT

relating to oahu coral reef resilience enhancement.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII:

SECTION 1. The legislature finds that coral reefs provide extremely valuable goods and services for the State and its residents, including coastal protection from erosion due to increasing sea levels and larger ocean swells as the ocean warms, sand production that replenishes beaches, as well as fisheries, recreation, tourism, and spiritual connection. Many reefs around the island of Oahu are widely known to be among the most degraded in Hawaii, due to poor land use practices that buried corals with silt run-off and smothered corals with seaweeds fertilized by leaching sewage and fertilizer run-off. Increasing ocean warming is now causing more frequent and severe coral bleaching events that kill corals and are predicted to be annual events by about 2040. Ocean acidification and other pollutants also negatively affect corals.

The legislature further finds that one of the most effective ways to help corals withstand and recover from ongoing and future threats is to ensure that there are many herbivorous fishes on our reefs, particularly surgeonfishes (kala and others), chubs (nenue), and parrotfishes (uhu). These fishes are known to crop seaweeds that would otherwise smother corals, providing space on the reefs for new corals to grow, especially after coral bleaching events. The abundance of herbivorous fishes around Oahu is by far the lowest in Hawaii. In response, the board of land and natural resources passed statewide herbivore fishing regulations in December 2023 through administrative rules. In December 2024, pursuant to House Resolution No. 69 (2024) and Senate Resolution No. 104, S.D. 1, (2024), a panel of experts on herbivorous fishes in Hawaii concurred with recent statewide surveys by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration documenting that the abundances of kala, nenue, and uhu are extremely low around Oahu and require far more intensive management so these populations can recover to levels necessary to enhance the resilience of coral reefs.

The purpose of this Act is to:

(1) Limit the amount of kala, nenue, and uhu fish that may be taken from state waters around the island of Oahu for a period of ten years; and

(2) Require the division of aquatic resources to conduct population assessments of these fishes and report to the legislature.

SECTION 2. Chapter 188, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to part II to be appropriately designated and to read as follows:

"§188- Bag limit; kala; nenue; uhu; reports. (a) Except for commercial fishing permittees and dealers as provided in section 13-95-11(e) and (g), Hawaii Administrative Rules, in state waters around the island of Oahu, it shall be unlawful for any person to take more than two kala per day or possess more than two kala at any one time.

(b) In state waters around the island of Oahu, it shall be unlawful for any person to take more than four nenue per day or possess more than four nenue at any one time.

(c) Except for commercial fishing permittees and dealers as provided in section 13-95-16(f) and (h), Hawaii Administrative Rules, in state waters around the island of Oahu, it shall be unlawful for any person to take spectacled parrotfish, and it shall be unlawful for any person to take more than one uhu of any other species per day or possess more than one uhu or any other species at any one time.

(d) The division of aquatic resources of the department shall conduct population assessments of kala, nenue, and uhu in state waters around the island of Oahu every two years and submit a report of its findings and recommendations, including any proposed legislation, to the legislature no later than twenty days prior to the convening of the immediately following regular session.

(e) As used in this section:

"Kala" means any fish known as Naso unicornis or bluespine unicornfish or any recognized synonyms.

"Nenue" means any fish belonging to the genus Kyphosus or any recognized synonyms.

"Spectacled parrotfish" means any fish known as Chlorurus perspicillatus or any recognized synonyms.

"Uhu" means any fish belonging to the family Scaridae or any recognized synonyms. "Uhu" is a general term for parrotfish."

SECTION 3. New statutory material is underscored.

SECTION 4. This Act shall take effect on July 1, 2025, and shall be repealed on June 30, 2035.

INTRODUCED BY:	_____________________________