HB2680

SECTION 1. The legislature finds that while condominium self-governance can be successful in the State, there have been many cases of abuse of power and other acts of malfeasance by certain association boards, association management, managing agents and their employees, and association attorneys clogging courts with litigation. This is further evidenced by public statements by leading insurance professionals that Hawaii has the highest number of association directors' and officers' liability insurance claims in the nation, assertions that are more alarming because Hawaii has a comparatively small fraction of the number of homeowners associations in other states. The legislature also finds that a central enforcement body is needed to address systemic problems faced by many condominium owners who are subjected to retribution and retaliation from boards and their members, association management, managing agents and their employees, and others representing the association. This retaliation harasses owners and impacts them emotionally and financially, with unwarranted and improper fines, assessments, legal costs, and foreclosures.

Based on reviews of the department of commerce and consumer affairs reports published in the Hawaii Condominium Bulletin since 2016, mediation subsidized by the condominium education trust fund has not been successful, with more than three out of every five cases unresolved, mediated to "no agreement", or withdrawn because one or more parties declined to participate.

During the same period, nearly eight out of every ten mediated cases were filed by owners against their associations, and more than nine out of ten cases alleged breaches of the association's governing documents. Owners also sought alternative dispute resolution to address noncompliance with chapter 514B, Hawaii Revised Statutes.

The legislature also finds that the major advantages of mediation are to resolve disputes, alleviate the costs associated with the dispute resolution, and lessen the burden on the courts. However, to initiate the condominium education trust fund subsidized mediation process, each party must risk at least $375 when the promise of resolution is so small. Even when parties arrived at a written agreement, the enforcement of that agreement is not assured, making some resolutions ineffective unless the parties go to court. Although mediation is mandatory in many cases, some associations' boards knowingly do not participate, pressuring the owner to go to court to enforce the resolution.

Additionally, owners who continued the mediation process reported feeling compelled to retain attorneys, often at prohibitive costs, because their associations were represented by the associations' attorneys and, in many cases, with additional legal assistance from the attorneys representing the associations' insurers.

If the mediation settlement is favorable to the owner, all associations owners, including that owner, are required to pay the association's legal fees, sometimes through onerous special assessments, and suffer increased association insurance premium costs or increased deductibles.

The actual results of subsidized mediation have negated its intended advantages. Fair judicial proceedings have been denied to those who could not afford legal counsel, and the system has benefitted a favored group that has not resulted in the public good.

The legislature further finds that many owners complain that the participating attorneys are the only "winners" in their cases. This is substantiated by those who testified regarding the success of mediations, as the mediators or attorneys had pecuniary interest in the mediation process.

The actual outcomes of arbitration cases subsidized by the department of commerce and consumer affairs are not available. However, arbitration is recognized as an expensive means of dispute resolution and the expense of the undertaking can be cost prohibitive, resulting in a denial of justice for association members.

Accordingly, the purpose of this Act is to:

(1) Establish an ombudsman's office for condominium associations within the department of commerce and consumer affairs office of consumer protection to:

(A) Serve as a resource for members of condominium associations;

(B) Provide an office for association members to bring complaints for investigation and a process for dispute intervention through the office;

(C) Ensure compliance with existing laws and association governing documents, and seek resolution to disputes without the burdensome cost of attorneys;

(D) Provide necessary education, including training and certification for board members involved in governance and managing agents overseeing association business;

(E) Provide association members with access to association documents;

(F) Increase efficiency in addressing association-related issues;

(G) Maintain data on inquiries and complaints received, types of assistance requested, notices of decisions, actions taken, and the disposition of matters; and

(H) Provide for the administration of an election monitoring process if requested by association members;

(2) Establish an ombudsman's office special fund to cover the costs of the ombudsman's office, with no impact on the State's general fund;

(3) Require condominium association board members to meet certain educational requirements through classes offered by the ombudsman;

(4) Update the Condominium Property Act to integrate the role and functions of the ombudsman's office for condominium associations; and

(5) Appropriate funds for the establishment of the ombudsman's office.

SECTION 2. Chapter 514B, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new part to be appropriately designated and to read as follows:

"Part . ombudsman's office for condominium associations

§514B-A Ombudsman's office for condominium associations established; ombudsman; criteria for ombudsman. (a) There is established within the department of commerce and consumer affairs office of consumer protection an ombudsman's office for condominium associations. The ombudsman's office for condominium associations shall be headed by the ombudsman, who shall be appointed by the director of commerce and consumer affairs with the approval of the governor.

(b) The ombudsman shall have been admitted to practice law before the Hawaii supreme court and shall have extensive experience in Hawaii real estate, condominium association law, and conflict and alternative dispute resolution. The ombudsman shall not:

(1) Engage or have been engaged within the past two years in any other business or profession that directly or indirectly relates to or conflicts with the work of the ombudsman's office;

(2) Serve as the representative, executive, officer, or employee of any political party, executive committee, or other governing body of a political party;

(3) Receive remuneration for activities on behalf of any candidate for public office;

(4) Engage in soliciting votes or other activities on behalf of a candidate for public office; or

(5) Become a candidate for election to public office unless the ombudsman first resigns from the ombudsman's office.

The ombudsman shall be exempt from chapter 76.

§514B-B Personnel; salary; benefits. (a) The ombudsman shall employ professional and clerical staff as necessary for the efficient operation of the office. The ombudsman may appoint persons who have been admitted to practice law before the Hawaii supreme court as staff without regard to chapter 76. All other employees shall be appointed by the ombudsman in accordance with chapter 76.

(b) The ombudsman shall appoint complaints and enforcement officers who have been admitted to practice law before the Hawaii supreme court and have extensive experience in Hawaii real estate, condominium association law, and conflict and alternative dispute resolution. The complaints and enforcement officers shall be exempt from chapter 76.

(c) The ombudsman's office shall integrate the existing condominium specialist positions in the department of commerce and consumer affairs into the ombudsman's office as intake specialists for complaints submitted to the ombudsman's office.

(d) Personnel and administrative costs of the ombudsman's office shall be funded by the condominium education trust fund.

(e) The salary of the ombudsman shall be determined by the director of commerce and consumer affairs. The ombudsman, complaints and enforcement officers, intake specialists, and other personnel shall be included in any benefits program generally applicable to officers and employees of the State.

§514B-C Ombudsman; powers and duties; immunity from liability. (a) The ombudsman shall:

(1) Have the power to establish rules and procedures for the operation of the office that shall include receiving and processing complaints and requests for dispute intervention; conducting investigations; enforcement, including fines and penalties; and reporting the findings of the office; provided that the ombudsman shall levy nominal filing fees not to exceed $100 to deter frivolous submissions or investigations of complaints or requests for dispute intervention;

(2) Develop educational classes and required certifications for all members of a board to ensure that they are aware of their responsibilities and duties and are familiar with this chapter, other relevant statutes and administrative rules, and their governing documents;

(3) In conjunction with the department of commerce and consumer affairs, and using funds from the condominium education trust fund, educate the public and entities required to be registered or certified under this chapter;

(4) Have access to and use of all files and records of the department of commerce and consumer affairs;

(5) Act as a liaison between unit owners, boards, board members, association management, managing agents and their employees, and other affected parties;

(6) Act as a neutral resource for the rights and responsibilities of unit owners, associations, boards of directors, board members, managers, and any affected parties to encourage and facilitate voluntary meetings with and between these entities when meetings may assist in resolving a dispute prior to any party submitting a formal request for dispute intervention;

(7) Assist unit owners in understanding their rights and the processes available to them according to the laws and rules governing condominium associations;

(8) Respond to general inquiries, make recommendations, or give guidance as necessary to assist unit owners;

(9) Make available, either separately or through an existing website, or both, information concerning associations and any additional information the ombudsman may deem appropriate and non-confidential;

(10) Coordinate and assist in the preparation and adoption of educational and reference material and endeavor to make known to the largest possible audience the availability of these resources;

(11) Receive written requests for dispute intervention;

(12) Investigate and assist in resolving disputes brought by unit owners, associations, boards, and board members, pursuant to section 514B-D;

(13) Investigate acts that may be:

(A) Contrary to law or an association's governing rules;

(B) Unreasonable, unfair, oppressive, retaliatory, or discriminatory as administered or under the circumstances;

(D) Based on improper or irrelevant grounds;

(E) Unaccompanied by an adequate statement of reasons; or

(F) Otherwise erroneous;

(14) Subject to the privileges that witnesses have in the courts of the State, have the authority to:

(A) Compel at a specified time and place, by a subpoena, the appearance and sworn testimony of any person whom the ombudsman reasonably believes may have information relating to a matter under investigation; and

(B) Compel any person to produce documents, records, and information the ombudsman reasonably believes may relate to a matter under investigation;

(15) Be authorized to bring suit in an appropriate state court to enforce the powers in paragraph (14);

(16) Provide advisory opinions upon request from unit owners or other affected parties;

(17) Provide recommendations to the director of commerce and consumer affairs if the ombudsman finds that:

(A) The matter should be further considered by the department of commerce and consumer affairs;

(B) A statute or rule should be amended or repealed; or

(18) Within a reasonable time after providing recommendations to the director of commerce and consumer affairs pursuant to paragraph (17), the ombudsman may submit a report to the governor or the legislature or publish the report, including any reply by the department of commerce and consumer affairs, and notify the complainant of the actions taken by the ombudsman and the department;

(19) Ensure that association members have access to the services provided through the ombudsman's office and that association members receive responses from the ombudsman's office within thirty days of the member's inquiry;

(20) Maintain publicly available data on inquiries and complaints received, types of assistance requested, notices of final decisions and actions taken, and disposition of matters;

(21) Monitor changes in federal and state laws relating to associations;

(22) Assist unit owners with disputes concerning association elections or meetings, including recommending that the department of commerce and consumer affairs pursue an enforcement action in any matter where the ombudsman has reasonable cause to believe that election misconduct has occurred, pursuant to section 514B-I;

(23) Have the authority to remove from the board any board member of an association who is found to have committed wilful misconduct in violation of any laws or the condominium's governing documents, as provided in section 514B-105(f);

(24) Provide to the governor and the public an annual report that includes the number and types of requests for dispute intervention submitted to the ombudsman's office and their disposition, and any suggestions for policy or legislation the ombudsman's office deems necessary to more quickly and efficiently resolve condominium disputes; and

(25) Adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 necessary to carry out the purposes of this part.

(b) No proceeding or decision of the ombudsman may be reviewed by any court unless the proceeding or decision contravenes this chapter. The ombudsman shall have the same immunities from civil and criminal liability as a judge of the State. The ombudsman and the staff of the ombudsman's office shall not testify in any court concerning matters coming to their attention in the exercise of their official duties except as may be necessary to enforce this chapter.

§514B-D Request for dispute intervention. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a unit owner or association, by its board members, who is a party to a dispute involving the interpretation or enforcement of an association's governing documents, including the condominium's declaration, bylaws, and house rules, this chapter, or any other law the association is obligated to follow, may submit to the ombudsman's office a written request for dispute intervention setting forth the facts forming the basis of the dispute.

(b) Simultaneous with the submission of a dispute intervention request, a unit owner shall provide the board, association management, or managing agent a copy of the request for dispute intervention. The notice shall be sent to the addressee by certified mail, return receipt requested, or by hand delivery with confirmation of delivery. The notice shall specify in reasonable detail:

(1) The nature of the dispute;

(2) Any violations of this chapter, the association governing documents, or any other law or regulation the association is obligated to follow;

(3) Any alleged damages that resulted from the dispute; and

(4) Any proposed corrective action to resolve the dispute.

(c) A dispute intervention request submitted to the ombudsman's office pursuant to this section shall be on a form prescribed by the ombudsman's office and accompanied by evidence that:

(1) The respondent has been given a reasonable opportunity to correct the dispute; and

(2) Reasonable efforts to resolve the dispute have failed.

(d) The ombudsman may impose a minimum fine of $250 against any person who knowingly submits a false or fraudulent dispute intervention request with the ombudsman's office.

(e) Legal representation shall not be required for dispute intervention by the ombudsman's office. Unit owners shall not be assessed any legal fees incurred by the association, board, board members, managing agent, or other parties as a result of a dispute intervention request submitted to the ombudsman's office.

§514B-E Enforcement by complaints and enforcement officers; dispute resolution assistance. (a) Upon receipt of a dispute intervention request pursuant to section 514B-D, the complaints and enforcement officer shall open an investigation into the dispute.

(b) The complaints and enforcement officer may interview parties and witnesses involved in the dispute and request the production of documents, records, and information pursuant to section 514B-154.5, or other evidence or documents that would be reasonably helpful in resolving the dispute. Participation by the complainant, board members, and the board shall be mandatory. An owner or board member who refuses to participate shall be subject to penalties and fines to be predetermined and published by the ombudsman. If the board determines not to participate, each board member voting not to participate shall be considered in violation of this Act, shall be personally assessed a monetary fine, and may be removed from the board.

(c) The complaints and enforcement officer shall make recommendations, give guidance, or issue an advisory opinion or decision to the unit owner or association as the complaints and enforcement officer deems necessary.

(d) If the complaints and enforcement officer determines that an association or board is at fault in a dispute, the association or board shall be responsible for any legal fees, costs, expenses, interest, or fines levied against the unit owner involved in the dispute.

(e) The complaints and enforcement officer may impose a fine in the amount of not less than $250 against any person who knowingly submits false or fraudulent information to the ombudsman's office, willingly hinders the lawful actions of the ombudsman or the staff of the ombudsman's office, or willingly refuses to comply with the lawful demands of the ombudsman or the staff of the ombudsman's office.

(f) If the parties are unable to reach an agreement under this section or if a party does not agree with the decision of the complaints and enforcement officer, a party may request a contested case hearing with the ombudsman's office that shall be presided over by the ombudsman. Participation in a contested case hearing by the complainant, board members, and the board shall be mandatory.

(g) Any party who wishes to request a contested case hearing shall submit a written request with the ombudsman's office within thirty days after receipt of a copy of the complaints and enforcement officer's decision.

§514B-F Contested case hearing. (a) A contested case hearing shall be conducted by the ombudsman pursuant to chapter 91 and any rules adopted by the ombudsman's office; provided that if there is no dispute as to the facts involved in a particular matter, the ombudsman may permit the parties to proceed by memoranda of law in lieu of a hearing, unless the procedure would unduly burden any party or would otherwise not serve the ends of justice.

(b) The ombudsman shall not be bound by the rules of evidence when conducting a hearing to determine whether a violation of this part has occurred. The standard of proof required shall be a preponderance of the evidence.

(d) All parties shall be afforded a full opportunity to engage in discovery and present evidence and argument on the issues involved.

(e) If a hearing is held or a review by memoranda of law is conducted, a decision shall be rendered by the ombudsman's office and promptly delivered to each party by certified mail. Any party adversely affected by the decision may submit written exceptions to the ombudsman's office within fifteen days after receipt of the decision.

(f) As expeditiously as possible after the close of the hearing but not before any party adversely affected has had the opportunity to submit a written exception, the ombudsman shall issue a decision together with separate findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding whether a violation of this part has occurred. Any final decision made by the ombudsman shall be binding on all parties.

§514B-G Fines; fees. Any fine or fee collected pursuant to this part shall be deposited into the ombudsman's office special fund.

§514B-H Ombudsman's office special fund. (a) There is established in the state treasury an ombudsman's office special fund into which shall be deposited the following moneys:

(1) Administrative penalties, fines, and other charges collected under this chapter or any rule adopted pursuant to this chapter; and

(2) One hundred per cent of all fees required by this chapter to be deposited into the condominium education trust fund.

(b) All interest earned or accrued on moneys deposited into the ombudsman's office special fund shall become a part of the fund.

§514B-I Condominium association election monitoring. Fifteen per cent of the total common interests in an association or six unit owners, whichever is greater, may petition the ombudsman to appoint an election monitor to attend the annual meeting of the unit owners and oversee the election of board members. The ombudsman shall appoint an employee of the ombudsman's office, one or more persons specializing in association election monitoring, or an attorney licensed to practice in the State as the election monitor. All costs associated with the election monitoring process shall be paid by the association. The ombudsman's office shall adopt rules establishing procedures for the appointment of election monitors and the scope and extent of the monitor's role in the election process."

SECTION 3. Section 421I-9, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§421I-9 Mediation and arbitration of disputes. At the request of any party, any dispute concerning or involving one or more shareholders and a corporation, its board of directors, managing agent, resident manager, or one or more other shareholders relating to the interpretation, application, or enforcement of this chapter or the corporation's articles of incorporation, bylaws, or rules adopted in accordance with its bylaws shall be submitted first to mediation. When all reasonable efforts for mediation have been made and the dispute is not settled either in conference between the parties or through mediation, the dispute shall be submitted to arbitration [~~in the same manner and subject to the same requirements, to the extent practicable, which now apply to condominiums under section 514B-162~~]."

SECTION 4. Chapter 514B, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to part VI to be appropriately designated and to read as follows:

"§514B- Board members; education requirement. Every existing member of a board shall take educational classes established by the ombudsman and obtain a certificate of satisfactory completion within three months of the classes being made available by the ombudsman. Every new member of a board shall take the educational classes established by the ombudsman and obtain a certificate of satisfactory completion within three months of acceptance to the board. The classes and certification requirement shall be structured to ensure the member is aware of the member's responsibilities and duties and is familiar with this chapter, other relevant statutes and administrative rules, and the association's governing documents. The educational classes shall be completed by each board member at least once every three years. Any board member's certificates of satisfactory completion shall be available for inspection by the members of the applicable association."

SECTION 5. Section 514B-3, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding three new definitions to be appropriately inserted and to read as follows:

""Complaints and enforcement officer" means the complaints and enforcement officer established pursuant to section 514B-B.

"Intake specialist" means the intake specialist established pursuant to section 514B-B.

"Ombudsman's office" means the ombudsman's office established pursuant to section 514B-A."

SECTION 6. Section 514B-65, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§514B-65 Investigative powers. If the commission or ombudsman's office has reason to believe that any person is violating or has violated this part, part V, part , section 514B‑103, 514B‑132, 514B‑134, 514B‑149, sections 514B‑152 to 514B‑154, section 514B‑154.5, or the rules of the commission adopted pursuant thereto, the commission or the ombudsman's office may conduct an investigation of the matter and examine the books, accounts, contracts, records, and files of all relevant parties. For purposes of this examination, the developer and the real estate broker shall keep and maintain records of all sales transactions and of the funds received by the developer and the real estate broker in accordance with chapter 467 and the rules of the commission, and shall make the records accessible to the commission upon reasonable notice and demand."

SECTION 7. Section 514B-68, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§514B-68 Power to enjoin. Whenever the commission or ombudsman's office believes from satisfactory evidence that any person or entity has violated this part, part V, part , section 514B‑103, 514B‑132, 514B‑134, 514B‑149, sections 514B‑152 to 514B‑154, section 514B‑154.5, or the rules of the commission adopted pursuant thereto, [it] the commission or ombudsman's office may conduct [an] a civil or criminal investigation of the matter and bring an action against the person or entity in any court of competent jurisdiction on behalf of the State to enjoin the person or entity from continuing the violation or doing any acts in furtherance thereof."

SECTION 8. Section 514B-71, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§514B-71 Condominium education trust fund. (a) The commission shall establish a condominium education trust fund that the commission and ombudsman's office shall use for educational purposes. Educational purposes shall include financing or promoting:

(1) Education and research in the field of condominium management, condominium project registration, and real estate, for the benefit of the public and those required to be registered under this chapter;

(2) The improvement and more efficient administration of associations; and

(3) Expeditious and inexpensive procedures for resolving association disputes[;

~~(4)~~ ~~Support for mediation of condominium related disputes; and~~

~~(5)~~ ~~Support for voluntary binding arbitration between parties in condominium related disputes, pursuant to section 514B-162.5~~].

(b) The commission shall use all moneys in the condominium education trust fund for purposes consistent with subsection (a)[.]; provided that one hundred per cent of the fees required to be deposited into the trust fund by this chapter shall be transferred to the ombudsman's office special fund established under section 514B-H for use by the ombudsman's office. Any law to the contrary notwithstanding, the commission may make a finding that a fee adjustment is appropriate and adjust the fees paid by associations to regulate the fund balance to an appropriate level to maintain a reasonable relation between the fees generated and the cost of services rendered by the condominium education trust fund. For the purposes of finding that a fee adjustment is appropriate in order to maintain a reasonable relation between the fees generated and the cost of services rendered by the fund, the commission's review shall include the following:

(1) Frequency and timing of anticipated revenue to the fund;

(2) Identification of a reserve amount based on unanticipated revenue reductions and historical expenditures;

(3) Anticipated expenses paid, including recovery payouts during a biennial budget cycle;

(4) Unanticipated natural disasters or catastrophic weather events that may increase fund payments; and

(5) Any statutory adjustments to fund payout amounts.

The balance of the fund shall not exceed a sum determined by the commission. The sum shall be determined by the commission biennially."

SECTION 9. Section 514B-72, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:

"(a) Each project or association with more than five units shall pay to the department of commerce and consumer affairs:

(1) A condominium education trust fund fee within one year after the recordation of the purchase of the first unit or within thirty days of the association's first meeting, and thereafter, on or before June 30 of every odd-numbered year, as prescribed by rules adopted pursuant to chapter 91; and

(2) Beginning with the July 1, [~~2015,~~] 2025, biennium registration, an additional annual condominium education trust fund fee in an amount equal to the product of [~~$1.50~~] $12.50 times the number of condominium units included in the registered project or association to be dedicated to supporting [~~mediation or voluntary binding arbitration of condominium related disputes.~~] the ombudsman's office. The additional condominium education trust fund fee shall total [$3] $25 per unit until the commission adopts rules pursuant to chapter 91. On June 30 of every odd-numbered year, any unexpended additional amounts paid into the condominium education trust fund [~~and initially dedicated to supporting mediation or voluntary binding arbitration of condominium related disputes~~], as required by this paragraph, shall be used for educational purposes as provided in section 514B-71(a)(1), (2), and (3)."

SECTION 10. Section 514B-73, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§514B-73 Condominium education trust fund; management. (a) The sums received by the commission for deposit in the condominium education trust fund pursuant to section 514B-72 shall be held by the commission in trust for carrying out the purpose of the fund.

(b) The commission and the director of commerce and consumer affairs may use moneys in the condominium education trust fund collected pursuant to section 514B-72, and the rules of the commission to employ necessary personnel not subject to chapter 76 for additional staff support, to provide office space, and to purchase equipment, furniture, and supplies required by the commission to carry out its responsibilities under this part. The ombudsman may use moneys in the condominium education trust fund collected pursuant to section 514B-72 for educational purposes, including the establishment of educational classes and the necessary purchase of equipment and supplies required by the ombudsman's office to carry out its responsibilities under part .

(c) The moneys in the condominium education trust fund collected pursuant to section 514B-72[,] and the rules of the commission may be invested and reinvested together with the real estate education fund established under section 467-19 in the same manner as are the funds of the employees' retirement system of the State. The interest and earnings from these investments shall be deposited to the credit of the condominium education trust fund.

(d) The commission shall annually submit to the legislature, no later than twenty days prior to the convening of each regular session:

(1) A summary of the programs funded during the prior fiscal year and the amount of money in the fund, including a statement of which programs were directed specifically at the education of condominium owners; and

(2) A copy of the budget for the current fiscal year, including summary information on programs that were funded or are to be funded and the target audience for each program. The budget shall include a line item reflecting the total amount collected from condominium associations.

(e) The ombudsman shall prepare and submit to the governor an annual report as to the number and types of requests for dispute intervention submitted to the ombudsman's office and their disposition, and any proposed legislation or policy the ombudsman's office deems necessary to more quickly and efficiently resolve condominium disputes. The annual report shall be made available to the public."

SECTION 11. Section 514B-104, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:

"(a) Except as provided in section 514B‑105, and subject to the provisions of the declaration and bylaws, the association, even if unincorporated, may:

(1) Adopt and amend the declaration, bylaws, and rules and regulations;

(2) Adopt and amend budgets for revenues, expenditures, and reserves and collect assessments for common expenses from unit owners, subject to section 514B‑148;

(3) Hire and discharge managing agents and other independent contractors, agents, and employees;

(4) Institute, defend, or intervene in litigation or administrative proceedings in its own name on behalf of itself or two or more unit owners on matters affecting the condominium. For the purposes of actions under chapter 480, associations shall be deemed to be "consumers";

(5) Make contracts and incur liabilities;

(6) Regulate the use, maintenance, repair, replacement, and modification of common elements;

(7) Cause additional improvements to be made as a part of the common elements;

(8) Acquire, hold, encumber, and convey in its own name any right, title, or interest to real or personal property; provided that:

(A) Designation of additional areas to be common elements or subject to common expenses after the initial filing of the declaration or bylaws shall require the approval of at least sixty-seven per cent of the unit owners;

(B) If the developer discloses to the initial buyer in writing that additional areas will be designated as common elements whether pursuant to an incremental or phased project or otherwise, the requirements of this paragraph shall not apply as to those additional areas; and

(C) The requirements of this paragraph shall not apply to the purchase of a unit for a resident manager, which may be purchased [~~with the approval of the board;~~] through a provision in the bylaws;

(9) Subject to section 514B‑38, grant easements, leases, licenses, and concessions through or over the common elements and permit encroachments on the common elements;

(10) Impose and receive any payments, fees, or charges for the use, rental, or operation of the common elements, other than limited common elements described in section 514B‑35(2) and (4), and for services provided to unit owners;

(11) Impose charges and penalties, including late fees and interest, for late payment of assessments and levy reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws, rules, and regulations of the association, either in accordance with the bylaws or, if the bylaws are silent, pursuant to a resolution adopted by the board that establishes a fining procedure that states the basis for the fine and allows an appeal to the board of the fine with notice and an opportunity to be heard and providing that if the fine is paid, the unit owner shall have the right to initiate a dispute resolution process [~~as provided~~] by [~~sections 514B-161, 514B-162, or by filing a request for an administrative hearing under a pilot program administered by the department of commerce and consumer affairs~~;] requesting dispute intervention or dispute resolution assistance from the ombudsman's office pursuant to sections 514B-D, 514B-E, and 514B-F;

(12) Impose reasonable charges for the preparation and recordation of amendments to the declaration, documents requested for resale of units, or statements of unpaid assessments;

(13) Provide for cumulative voting through a provision in the bylaws;

(14) Provide for the indemnification of its officers, board, committee members, and agents, and maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance;

(15) Assign its right to future income, including the right to receive common expense assessments, but only to the extent section 514B‑105(e) expressly so provides;

(16) Exercise any other powers conferred by the declaration or bylaws;

(17) Exercise all other powers that may be exercised in this State by legal entities of the same type as the association, except to the extent inconsistent with this chapter;

(18) Exercise any other powers necessary and proper for the governance and operation of the association; and

(19) By regulation, subject to sections 514B‑146, [~~514B‑161, and 514B‑162,~~] 514B-D, 514B-E, and 514B-F, require that disputes between the board and unit owners or between two or more unit owners regarding the condominium be submitted to [~~nonbinding alternative dispute resolution~~] the ombudsman's office in the manner described in the regulation as a prerequisite to commencement of a judicial proceeding."

SECTION 12. Section 514B-105, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§514B-105 Association; limitations on powers. (a) The declaration and bylaws [~~may~~] shall not impose limitations on the power of the association to deal with the developer [~~which~~] that are more restrictive than the limitations imposed on the power of the association to deal with other persons.

(b) Unless otherwise permitted by the declaration, bylaws, or this chapter, an association may adopt rules and regulations that affect the use of or behavior in units that may be used for residential purposes only to:

(1) Prevent any use of a unit [~~which~~] that violates the declaration or bylaws;

(2) Regulate any behavior in or occupancy of a unit [~~which~~] that violates the declaration or bylaws or unreasonably interferes with the use and enjoyment of other units or the common elements by other unit owners; or

(3) Restrict the leasing of residential units to the extent those rules are reasonably designed to meet underwriting requirements of institutional lenders who regularly lend money secured by first mortgages on units in condominiums or regularly purchase those mortgages.

Otherwise, the association [~~may~~] shall not regulate any use of or behavior in units by means of the rules and regulations.

(c) Any payments made by or on behalf of a unit owner shall first be applied to outstanding common expenses that are assessed to all unit owners in proportion to the common interest appurtenant to their respective units. Only after said outstanding common expenses have been paid in full may the payments be applied to other charges owed to the association, including assessed charges to the unit such as ground lease rent, utility sub-metering, storage lockers, parking stalls, boat slips, insurance deductibles, and cable. After these charges are paid, other charges, including unpaid late fees, legal fees, fines, and interest, may be assessed in accordance with an application of payment policy adopted by the board; provided that if a unit owner has designated that any payment is for a specific charge that is not a common expense as described in this subsection, the payment may be applied in accordance with the unit owner's designation even if common expenses remain outstanding.

(d) No unit owner who requests legal or other information from the association, the board, the managing agent, or their employees or agents, shall be charged for the reasonable cost of providing the information unless the association notifies the unit owner that it intends to charge the unit owner for the reasonable cost. The association shall notify the unit owner in writing at least ten days prior to incurring the reasonable cost of providing the information, except that no prior notice shall be required to assess the reasonable cost of providing information on delinquent assessments or in connection with proceedings to enforce the law or the association's governing documents.

After being notified of the reasonable cost of providing the information, the unit owner may withdraw the request, in writing. A unit owner who withdraws a request for information shall not be charged for the reasonable cost of providing the information.

(e) Subject to any approval requirements and spending limits contained in the declaration or bylaws, the association may authorize the board to borrow money for the repair, replacement, maintenance, operation, or administration of the common elements and personal property of the project, or the making of any additions, alterations, and improvements thereto; provided that the board shall make available any reports provided by licensed or certified professionals that document the necessity and urgency of that expenditure, provide to all unit owners a written notice of the purpose and use of the funds [~~is first sent to all unit owners and owners~~], and hold a special meeting to discuss the expenditure and review the reports. Owners representing more than fifty per cent of the common interest shall vote [or] and give written consent to the borrowing. In connection with the borrowing, the board may grant to the lender the right to assess and collect monthly or special assessments from the unit owners and to enforce the payment of the assessments or other sums by statutory lien and foreclosure proceedings. The cost of the borrowing, including, without limitation, all principal, interest, commitment fees, and other expenses payable with respect to the borrowing or the enforcement of the obligations under the borrowing, shall be a common expense of the project. For purposes of this section, the financing of insurance premiums by the association within the policy period shall not be deemed a loan and no lease shall be deemed a loan if it provides that at the end of the lease the association may purchase the leased equipment for its fair market value.

(f) If the association or the board is involved in a dispute intervention through the ombudsman's office pursuant to section 514B-D, no special assessment related to the dispute, including association attorneys' fees, shall be assessed or collected from unit owners until the ombudsman's office has completed an investigation and rendered a final decision. If the final decision is in favor of the unit owner, any and all assessments, fines, costs, expenses, interest, and legal fees improperly assessed to the unit owner shall be reversed. Any board member who is found to have committed wilful misconduct in violation of any laws or the governing documents shall be removed from the board by the authority of the ombudsman."

SECTION 13. Section 514B-106, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:

"(a) Except as provided in the declaration, the bylaws, subsection (b), or other provisions of this chapter, the board may act in all instances on behalf of the association. In the performance of their duties, officers and members of the board shall owe the association a fiduciary duty and exercise the degree of care and loyalty required of an officer or director of a corporation organized under chapter 414D. Any violation by a board or its officers or members of [~~the mandatory provisions of section 514B-161 or 514B-162~~] section 514B-D, 514B-E, or 514B-F may constitute a violation of the fiduciary duty owed pursuant to this subsection; provided that a board member may avoid liability under this subsection by indicating in writing the board member's disagreement with [~~such board~~] the board's action or rescinding or withdrawing the violating conduct within forty-five days of the occurrence of the initial violation."

SECTION 14. Section 514B-146, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended as follows:

1. By amending subsection (d) to read:

"(d) A unit owner who disputes the information in the written statement received from the association pursuant to subsection (c) may request a subsequent written statement that additionally informs the unit owner that:

(1) Under Hawaii law, a unit owner has no right to withhold common expense assessments for any reason;

(2) A unit owner has a right to [~~demand mediation or arbitration~~] request dispute intervention to resolve disputes about the amount or validity of an association's common expense assessment; provided that the unit owner immediately pays the common expense assessment in full and keeps common expense assessments current;

(3) Payment in full of the common expense assessment shall not prevent the owner from contesting the common expense assessment or receiving a refund of amounts not owed; and

(4) If the unit owner contests any penalty or fine, late fee, lien filing fee, or other charges included in the assessment, except common expense assessments, the unit owner may [~~demand mediation~~] request dispute intervention as provided in subsection (g) prior to paying those charges."

2. By amending subsections (f) and (g) to read:

"(f) A unit owner who pays an association the full amount of the common expenses claimed by the association may file in small claims court or require the association to [~~mediate~~] participate in dispute intervention under the ombudsman's office to resolve any disputes concerning the amount or validity of the association's common expense claim. If the unit owner and the association are unable to resolve the dispute through [~~mediation,~~] dispute intervention under the ombudsman's office, either party may [~~file~~] submit a request for [~~arbitration under section 514B‑162;~~] a contested case hearing under section 514B-F; provided that a unit owner may only [~~file~~] submit a request for [~~arbitration~~] a contested case hearing if all amounts claimed by the association as common expenses are paid in full on or before the date of filing. If the unit owner fails to keep all association common expense assessments current during the [~~arbitration,~~] contested case hearing process, the association may ask the [~~arbitrator~~] ombudsman to temporarily suspend the [~~arbitration~~] proceedings. If the unit owner pays all association common expense assessments within thirty days of the date of suspension, the unit owner may ask the [~~arbitrator~~] ombudsman to recommence the [~~arbitration~~] proceedings. If the unit owner fails to pay all association common expense assessments by the end of the thirty-day period, the association may ask the [~~arbitrator~~] ombudsman to dismiss the [~~arbitration~~] proceedings. The unit owner shall be entitled to a refund of any amounts paid as common expenses to the association that are not owed.

(g) A unit owner who contests the amount of any attorneys' fees and costs, penalties or fines, late fees, lien filing fees, or any other charges, except common expense assessments, may make a demand in writing for [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention on the validity of those charges. The unit owner has thirty days from the date of the written statement requested pursuant to subsection (d) to [~~file demand for mediation~~] submit a request for dispute intervention on the disputed charges, other than common expense assessments. If the unit owner fails to [~~file~~] submit a request for [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention within thirty days of the date of the written statement requested pursuant to subsection (d), the association may proceed with collection of the charges. If the unit owner makes a request for [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention within thirty days, the association shall be prohibited from attempting to collect any of the disputed charges until the association has participated in the [mediation. The mediation shall be completed within sixty days of the unit owner's request for mediation; provided that if the mediation is not completed within sixty days or the parties are unable to resolve the dispute by mediation, the association may proceed with collection of all amounts due from the unit owner for attorneys' fees and costs, penalties or fines, late fees, lien filing fees, or any other charge that is not imposed on all unit owners as a common expense.] dispute intervention. The dispute intervention shall be completed within sixty days of the unit owner's request for dispute intervention; however, a reasonable extension may be provided at the ombudsman's discretion."

SECTION 15. Section 514B-146.5, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:

"(a) Any notice of default and intention to foreclose given by an association under section 667-92(a) shall, in addition to the requirements of that section, also include a statement that the unit owner may request [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention by delivering a written request for [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention to the association by certified mail, return receipt requested, or hand delivery within thirty days after service of a notice of default and intention to foreclose on the unit owner.

If the association does not receive a request for [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention within the thirty-day period, the association may proceed with nonjudicial or power of sale foreclosure, subject to all applicable provisions of this chapter and chapter 667. If the association receives a request for [~~mediation,~~] dispute intervention, as set forth in this subsection, from a unit owner within thirty days after service of a notice of default and intention to foreclose upon the unit owner, the association shall agree to [~~mediate~~] dispute intervention and shall be prohibited from proceeding with nonjudicial or power of sale foreclosure until the association has participated in the [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention or the time period for completion of the [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention has elapsed. The [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention shall be completed within sixty days of the date upon which the unit owner delivers a request for [~~mediation upon~~] dispute intervention to the association; provided that if the [~~mediation~~] dispute intervention is not commenced or completed within sixty days or the parties are unable to resolve the dispute by [~~mediation,~~] dispute intervention, the association may proceed with nonjudicial or power of sale foreclosure, subject to all applicable provisions of this chapter and chapter 667."

SECTION 16. Section 514B-154, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended as follows:

1. By amending subsections (b) and (c) to read:

"(b) Financial statements, general ledgers, the accounts receivable ledger, accounts payable ledgers, check ledgers, insurance policies, contracts, and invoices of the association for the duration those records are kept by the association and delinquencies of ninety days or more shall be available for examination by unit owners at convenient hours at a place designated by the board; provided that:

(1) The board may require owners to furnish to the association a duly executed and acknowledged affidavit stating that the information is requested in good faith for the protection of the interests of the association, its members, or both; and

(2) Owners shall pay for administrative costs in excess of [~~eight~~] twenty hours per year.

Copies of these items shall be provided to any owner upon the owner's request; provided that the owner pays a reasonable fee for duplication, postage, stationery, and other administrative costs associated with handling the request.

(c) After any association meeting, and not earlier, unit owners shall be permitted to examine proxies, tally sheets, ballots, owners' check-in lists, and the certificate of election; provided that:

(1) Owners shall make a request to examine the documents within thirty days after the association meeting;

(2) The board may require owners to furnish to the association a duly executed and acknowledged affidavit stating that the information is requested in good faith for the protection of the interest of the association or its members or both; and

(3) Owners shall pay for administrative costs in excess of [~~eight~~] twenty hours per year.

The documents may be destroyed ninety days after the association meeting; provided that in the event of a contested election, the documents shall be retained until the contested election is resolved. Copies of tally sheets, owners' check-in lists, and the certificates of election from the most recent association meeting shall be provided to any owner upon the owner's request; provided that the owner pays a reasonable fee for duplicating, postage, stationery, and other administrative costs associated with handling the request."

2. By amending subsection (j) to read:

"(j) Any fee charged to a member to obtain copies of association records under this section shall be reasonable; provided that a reasonable fee shall include actual administrative and duplicating costs and shall not exceed $1 per printed page, or portion thereof, except the fee for pages exceeding eight and one-half inches by fourteen inches may exceed $1 per printed page. Charges for electronic copies of documents shall be limited to reasonable and actual administrative costs and shall first be applied to the twenty free hours allocated to the association. A maximum $5 charge is allowed for any electronic document requested."

SECTION 17. Section 514B-154.5, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§514B-154.5 Association documents to be provided. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision in the declaration, bylaws, or house rules, if any, the following documents, records, and information, whether maintained, kept, or required to be provided pursuant to this section or section 514B-152, 514B-153, or 514B-154, shall be made available to any unit owner and the owner's authorized agents by the managing agent, resident manager, board through a board member, or the association's representative:

(1) All financial and other records sufficiently detailed in order to comply with requests for information and disclosures related to the resale of units;

(2) An accurate copy of the declaration, bylaws, house rules, if any, master lease, if any, a sample original conveyance document, and all public reports and any amendments thereto;

(3) Detailed, accurate records in chronological order of the receipts and expenditures affecting the common elements, specifying and itemizing the maintenance and repair expenses of the common elements and any other expenses incurred and monthly statements indicating the total current delinquent dollar amount of any unpaid assessments for common expenses;

(4) All records and the vouchers authorizing the payments and statements kept and maintained at the address of the project, or elsewhere within the State as determined by the board, subject to section 514B-152;

(5) All signed and executed agreements for managing the operation of the property, expressing the agreement of all parties, including but not limited to financial and accounting obligations, services provided, and any compensation arrangements, including any subsequent amendments;

(6) An accurate and current list of members of the condominium association and the members' current addresses and the names and addresses of the vendees under an agreement of sale, if any. A copy of the list shall be available, at cost, to any unit owner or owner's authorized agent who furnishes to the managing agent, resident manager, or the board a duly executed and acknowledged affidavit stating that the list:

(A) Shall be used by the unit owner or owner's authorized agent personally and only for the purpose of soliciting votes or proxies or for providing information to other unit owners with respect to association matters; and

(B) Shall not be used by the unit owner or owner's authorized agent or furnished to anyone else for any other purpose;

(7) The association's most current financial statement, at no cost or on twenty-four-hour loan, at a convenient location designated by the board;

(8) Meeting minutes of the association, pursuant to section 514B-122;

(9) Meeting minutes of the board, including executive session records of voting results regarding the imposition of special assessments, charges, and fines, including legal fees, pursuant to section 514B-126, which shall be:

(A) Available for examination by unit owners or owners' authorized agents at no cost or on twenty-four-hour loan at a convenient location at the project, to be determined by the board; or

(B) Transmitted to any unit owner or owner's authorized agent making a request for the minutes within fifteen days of receipt of the request by the owner or owner's authorized agent; provided that:

(i) The minutes shall be transmitted by mail, electronic mail transmission, or facsimile, by the means indicated by the owner or owner's authorized agent, if the owner or owner's authorized agent indicated a preference at the time of the request; and

(ii) The owner or owner's authorized agent shall pay a reasonable fee for administrative costs associated with handling the request, subject to section 514B-105(d);

(10) Financial statements, general ledgers, the accounts receivable ledger, accounts payable ledgers, check ledgers, insurance policies, contracts, and invoices of the association for the duration those records are kept by the association, and any documents regarding delinquencies of ninety days or more shall be available for examination by unit owners or owners' authorized agents at convenient hours at a place designated by the board; provided that:

(A) The board may require unit owners or owners' authorized agents to furnish to the association a duly executed and acknowledged affidavit stating that the information is requested in good faith for the protection of the interests of the association, its members, or both; and

(B) Unit owners or owners' authorized agents shall pay for administrative costs in excess of [~~eight~~] twenty hours per year;

(11) Proxies, tally sheets, ballots, unit owners' check-in lists, and the certificate of election subject to section 514B-154(c);

(12) Copies of an association's documents, records, and information, whether maintained, kept, or required to be provided pursuant to this section or section 514B‑152, 514B-153, or 514B-154;

(13) A copy of the management contract from the entity that manages the operation of the property before the organization of an association;

(14) Other documents requested by a unit owner or owner's authorized agent in writing; provided that the board shall give written authorization or written refusal with an explanation of the refusal within thirty calendar days of receipt of a request for documents pursuant to this paragraph; and

(15) A copy of any contract, written job description, and compensation between the association and any person or entity retained by the association to manage the operation of the property on-site, including but not limited to the general manager, operations manager, resident manager, or site manager; provided that personal information may be redacted from the contract copy, including but not limited to the manager's date of birth, age, signature, social security number, residence address, telephone number, non-business electronic mail address, driver's license number, Hawaii identification card number, bank account number, credit or debit card number, access code or password that would permit access to the manager's financial accounts, or any other information that may be withheld under state or federal law.

(b) Subject to section 514B-105(d), copies of the items in subsection (a) shall be provided to any unit owner or owner's authorized agent upon the owner's or owner's authorized agent's request; provided that the owner or owner's authorized agent pays a reasonable fee for duplication, postage, stationery, and other administrative costs associated with handling the request.

(c) Notwithstanding any provision in the declaration, bylaws, or house rules providing for another period of time, all documents, records, and information listed under subsection (a), whether maintained, kept, or required to be provided pursuant to this section or section 514B-152, 514B-153, or 514B-154, shall be provided no later than thirty days after receipt of a unit owner's or owner's authorized agent's written request, unless a lesser time is provided pursuant to this section or section 514B-152, 514B-153, or 514B‑154, and except as provided in subsection (a)(14).

(d) Any documents, records, and information, whether maintained, kept, or required to be provided pursuant to this section or section 514B-152, 514B-153, or 514B-154, may be made available electronically to the unit owner or owner's authorized agent if the owner or owner's authorized agent requests such in writing.

(e) An association may comply with this section or section 514B-152, 514B-153, or 514B-154 by making the required documents, records, and information available to unit owners or owners' authorized agents for download through an internet site, at the option of each unit owner or owner's authorized agent and at no cost to the unit owner or owner's authorized agent.

(f) Any fee charged to a unit owner or owner's authorized agent to obtain copies of the association's documents, records, and information, whether maintained, kept, or required to be provided pursuant to this section or section 514B-152, 514B-153, or 514B-154, shall be reasonable; provided that a reasonable fee shall include actual administrative and duplicating costs and shall not exceed $1 per printed page, or portion thereof, except that the fee for pages exceeding eight and one-half inches by fourteen inches may exceed $1 per printed page. Charges for electronic copies of documents shall be limited to reasonable and actual administrative costs and shall first be applied to the twenty free hours allocated to the association. A maximum $5 charge is allowed for any electronic document requested.

(g) Copies of the documents listed in subsection (a) shall be provided to the complaints and enforcement officer or ombudsman no later than thirty days after receipt of the complaints and enforcement officer's request or as determined by the complaints and enforcement officer upon a showing of good cause; provided that if the complaints and enforcement officer or ombudsman is denied access to any item in subsection (a), the complaints and enforcement officer or ombudsman may request the commission to conduct an investigation of the matter pursuant to section 514B-65.

[~~(g)~~] (h) This section shall apply to all condominiums organized under this chapter or any predecessor thereto.

[~~(h) Nothing in this section shall be construed to create any new requirements for the release of documents, records, or information.~~]"

SECTION 18. Section 514B-157, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"[[]§514B-157[]] Attorneys' fees, delinquent assessments, and expenses of enforcement. (a) Fees for attorneys' services incurred by a board shall not be reimbursed by individual unit owners when the services are for the purposes of:

(1) Responding to written or oral inquiries, comments, complaints, or requests for dispute intervention by unit owners regarding condominium operations, property usage, board fiduciary duties, common elements, and resident actions;

(2) Expressing unit owners' intentions to challenge the existing declaration, bylaws, and rules of the association; or

(3) Participation in criminal defense resulting from unit owners' allegations of wrongdoing based on the board's performance of fiduciary responsibilities.

[~~(a)~~] (b) All costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees, incurred by or on behalf of the association for:

(1) Collecting any delinquent assessments against any owner's unit;

(2) Foreclosing any lien thereon; or

(3) Enforcing any provision of the declaration, bylaws, house rules, and this chapter, or the rules of the real estate commission;

against an owner, occupant, tenant, employee of an owner, or any other person who may in any manner use the property, shall be promptly paid on demand to the association by [~~such~~] the person or persons; provided that if the claims upon which the association takes any action are not substantiated, all costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees, incurred by any [~~such~~] person or persons as a result of the action of the association, shall be promptly paid on demand to such person or persons by the association[.]; provided further that if a unit owner requests dispute intervention that initiates an investigation with the ombudsman's office, costs and expenses for the investigation shall be suspended until the complaints and enforcement officer completes the investigation and issues a decision on the matter.

[~~(b)~~] (c) If any claim by an owner is substantiated in any action against an association, any of its officers or directors, or its board to enforce any provision of the declaration, bylaws, house rules, or this chapter, then all reasonable and necessary expenses, costs, and attorneys' fees incurred by an owner shall be awarded to [~~such~~] the owner; provided that no [~~such~~] award shall be made in any derivative action unless:

(1) The owner first shall have demanded and allowed reasonable time for the board to pursue such enforcement; or

(2) The owner demonstrates to the satisfaction of the court that a demand for enforcement made to the board would have been fruitless.

If any claim by an owner is not substantiated in any court action against an association, any of its officers or directors, or its board to enforce any provision of the declaration, bylaws, house rules, or this chapter, then all reasonable and necessary expenses, costs, and attorneys' fees incurred by an association shall be awarded to the association, unless before filing the action in court the owner has first submitted the claim to [~~mediation, or to arbitration under subpart D,~~] dispute intervention under the ombudsman's office and made a good faith effort to resolve the dispute [~~under any of those procedures~~]."

SECTION 19. Section 514B-163, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"[[]§514B-163[]] Trial de novo and appeal. (a) The submission of any dispute to [~~an arbitration under section 514B-162~~] the ombudsman's office shall in no way limit or abridge the right of any party to a trial de novo.

(b) Written demand for a trial de novo by any party desiring a trial de novo shall be made upon the other parties within [~~ten~~] sixty days after service of the [~~arbitration award~~] final decision by the ombudsman or the ombudsman's office upon all parties and the trial de novo shall be filed in circuit court within [~~thirty~~] ninety days of the written demand. Failure to meet these deadlines shall preclude a party from demanding a trial de novo.

[~~(c) The award of arbitration shall not be made known to the trier of fact at a trial de novo.~~

~~(d)~~] (c) In any trial de novo demanded under this section, if the party demanding a trial de novo does not prevail at trial, the party demanding the trial de novo shall be charged with all reasonable costs, expenses, and attorneys' fees of the trial. When there is more than one party on one or both sides of an action, or more than one issue in dispute, the court shall allocate its award of costs, expenses, and attorneys' fees among the prevailing parties and tax [~~such~~] the fees against those nonprevailing parties who demanded a trial de novo in accordance with the principles of equity."

SECTION 20. Section 514B-191, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:

"(a) An association, board, managing agent, resident manager, unit owner, or any person acting on behalf of an association or a unit owner shall not retaliate against a unit owner, board member, managing agent, resident manager, or association employee who, through a lawful action done in an effort to address, prevent, or stop a violation of this chapter or governing documents of the association:

(1) Complains or otherwise reports an alleged violation;

(2) Causes a complaint or report of an alleged violation to be filed with the association, the commission, the ombudsman's office, or other appropriate entity;

(3) Participates in or cooperates with an investigation of a complaint or report filed with the association, the commission, the ombudsman's office, or other appropriate entity;

(4) Otherwise acts in furtherance of a complaint, report, or investigation concerning an alleged violation; or

(5) Exercises or attempts to exercise any right under this chapter or the governing documents of the association."

SECTION 21. Section 514B-161, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is repealed.

["~~§514B-161 Mediation.~~ (a) The mediation of a dispute between a unit owner and the board, unit owner and the managing agent, board members and the board, or directors and managing agents and the board shall be mandatory upon written request to the other party when:

~~(1)~~ ~~The dispute involves the interpretation or enforcement of the association's declaration, bylaws, or house rules;~~

~~(2)~~ ~~The dispute falls outside the scope of subsection (b);~~

~~(3)~~ ~~The parties have not already mediated the same or a substantially similar dispute; and~~

~~(4)~~ ~~An action or an arbitration concerning the dispute has not been commenced.~~

~~(b)~~ The mediation of a dispute between a unit owner and the board, unit owner and the managing agent, board members and the board, or directors and managing agents and the board shall not be mandatory when the dispute involves:

~~(1)~~ ~~Threatened property damage or the health or safety of unit owners or any other person;~~

~~(2)~~ ~~Assessments;~~

~~(3)~~ ~~Personal injury claims; or~~

~~(4)~~ ~~Matters that would affect the availability of any coverage pursuant to an insurance policy obtained by or on behalf of an association.~~

(c) If evaluative mediation is requested in writing by one of the parties pursuant to subsection (a), the other party cannot choose to do facilitative mediation instead, and any attempt to do so shall be treated as a rejection to mediate.

~~(d) A unit owner or an association may apply to the circuit court in the judicial circuit where the condominium is located for an order compelling mediation only when:~~

~~(1)~~ ~~Mediation of the dispute is mandatory pursuant to subsection (a);~~

~~(2)~~ ~~A written request for mediation has been delivered to and received by the other party; and~~

~~(3)~~ ~~The parties have not agreed to a mediator and a mediation date within forty-five days after a party receives a written request for mediation.~~

(e) Any application made to the circuit court pursuant to subsection (d) shall be made and heard in a summary manner and in accordance with procedures for the making and hearing of motions. The prevailing party shall be awarded its attorneys' fees and costs in an amount not to exceed $1,500.

~~(f) Each party to a mediation shall bear the attorneys' fees, costs, and other expenses of preparing for and participating in mediation incurred by the party, unless otherwise specified in:~~

~~(1)~~ ~~A written agreement providing otherwise that is signed by the parties;~~

~~(2)~~ ~~An order of a court in connection with the final disposition of a claim that was submitted to mediation;~~

~~(3)~~ ~~An award of an arbitrator in connection with the final disposition of a claim that was submitted to mediation; or~~

~~(4)~~ ~~An order of the circuit court in connection with compelled mediation in accordance with subsection (e).~~

~~(g) Any individual mediation supported with funds from the condominium education trust fund pursuant to section 514B-71:~~

~~(1)~~ ~~Shall include a fee of $375 to be paid by each party to the mediator;~~

~~(2)~~ ~~Shall receive no more from the fund than is appropriate under the circumstances, and in no event more than $3,000 total;~~

~~(3)~~ May include issues and parties in addition to those identified in subsection (a); provided that a unit owner or a developer and board are parties to the mediation at all times and the unit owner or developer and the board mutually consent in writing to the addition of the issues and parties; and

~~(4)~~ ~~May include an evaluation by the mediator of any claims presented during the mediation.~~

(h) A court or an arbitrator with jurisdiction may consider a timely request to stay any action or proceeding concerning a dispute that would be subject to mediation pursuant to subsection (a) in the absence of the action or proceeding, and refer the matter to mediation; provided that:

~~(1)~~ ~~The court or arbitrator determines that the request is made in good faith and a stay would not be prejudicial to any party; and~~

~~(2)~~ ~~No stay shall exceed a period of ninety days.~~"]

SECTION 22. Section 514B-162, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is repealed.

["~~[§514B-162] Arbitration.~~ (a) At the request of any party, any dispute concerning or involving one or more unit owners and an association, its board, managing agent, or one or more other unit owners relating to the interpretation, application, or enforcement of this chapter or the association's declaration, bylaws, or house rules adopted in accordance with its bylaws shall be submitted to arbitration. The arbitration shall be conducted, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, in accordance with the rules adopted by the commission and of chapter 658A; provided that the rules of the arbitration service conducting the arbitration shall be used until the commission adopts its rules; provided further that where any arbitration rule conflicts with chapter 658A, chapter 658A shall prevail; and provided further that notwithstanding any rule to the contrary, the arbitrator shall conduct the proceedings in a manner which affords substantial justice to all parties. The arbitrator shall be bound by rules of substantive law and shall not be bound by rules of evidence, whether or not set out by statute, except for provisions relating to privileged communications. The arbitrator shall permit discovery as provided for in the Hawaii rules of civil procedure; provided that the arbitrator may restrict the scope of such discovery for good cause to avoid excessive delay and costs to the parties or the arbitrator may refer any matter involving discovery to the circuit court for disposition in accordance with the Hawaii rules of civil procedure then in effect.

~~(b) Nothing in subsection (a) shall be interpreted to mandate the arbitration of any dispute involving:~~

~~(1)~~ ~~The real estate commission;~~

~~(2)~~ ~~The mortgagee of a mortgage of record;~~

~~(3)~~ The developer, general contractor, subcontractors, or design professionals for the project; provided that when any person exempted by this paragraph is also a unit owner, a director, or managing agent, such person in those capacities, shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (a);

~~(4)~~ ~~Actions seeking equitable relief involving threatened property damage or the health or safety of unit owners or any other person;~~

~~(5)~~ Actions to collect assessments which are liens or subject to foreclosure; provided that a unit owner who pays the full amount of an assessment and fulfills the requirements of section 514B‑146 shall have the right to demand arbitration of the owner's dispute, including a dispute about the amount and validity of the assessment;

~~(6)~~ ~~Personal injury claims;~~

~~(7)~~ Actions for amounts in excess of $2,500 against an association, a board, or one or more directors, officers, agents, employees, or other persons, if insurance coverage under a policy or policies procured by the association or its board would be unavailable because action by arbitration was pursued; or

~~(8)~~ ~~Any other cases which are determined, as provided in subsection (c), to be unsuitable for disposition by arbitration.~~

(c) At any time within twenty days of being served with a written demand for arbitration, any party so served may apply to the circuit court in the judicial circuit in which the condominium is located for a determination that the subject matter of the dispute is unsuitable for disposition by arbitration.

~~In determining whether the subject matter of a dispute is unsuitable for disposition by arbitration, a court may consider:~~

~~(1)~~ ~~The magnitude of the potential award, or any issue of broad public concern raised by the subject matter underlying the dispute;~~

~~(2)~~ ~~Problems referred to the court where court regulated discovery is necessary;~~

~~(3)~~ ~~The fact that the matter in dispute is a reasonable or necessary issue to be resolved in pending litigation and involves other matters not covered by or related to this chapter;~~

~~(4)~~ ~~The fact that the matter to be arbitrated is only part of a dispute involving other parties or issues which are not subject to arbitration under this section; and~~

~~(5)~~ ~~Any matters of dispute where disposition by arbitration, in the absence of complete judicial review, would not afford substantial justice to one or more of the parties.~~

Any such application to the circuit court shall be made and heard in a summary manner and in accordance with procedures for the making and hearing of motions. The prevailing party shall be awarded its attorneys' fees and costs in an amount not to exceed $200.

(d) In the event of a dispute as to whether a claim shall be excluded from mandatory arbitration under subsection (b)(7), any party to an arbitration may file a complaint for declaratory relief against the involved insurer or insurers for a determination of whether insurance coverage is unavailable due to the pursuit of action by arbitration. The complaint shall be filed with the circuit court in the judicial circuit in which the condominium is located. The insurer or insurers shall file an answer to the complaint within twenty days of the date of service of the complaint and the issue shall be disposed of by the circuit court at a hearing to be held at the earliest available date; provided that the hearing shall not be held within twenty days from the date of service of the complaint upon the insurer or insurers.

(e) Notwithstanding any provision in this chapter to the contrary, the declaration, or the bylaws, the award of any costs, expenses, and legal fees by the arbitrator shall be in the sole discretion of the arbitrator and the determination of costs, expenses, and legal fees shall be binding upon all parties.

(f) The award of the arbitrator shall be in writing and acknowledged or proved in like manner as a deed for the conveyance of real estate, and shall be served by the arbitrator on each of the parties to the arbitration, personally or by registered or certified mail. At any time within one year after the award is made and served, any party to the arbitration may apply to the circuit court of the judicial circuit in which the condominium is located for an order confirming the award. The court shall grant the order confirming the award pursuant to section 658A-22, unless the award is vacated, modified, or corrected, as provided in sections 658A-20, 658A-23, and 658A‑24, or a trial de novo is demanded under subsection (h), or the award is successfully appealed under subsection (h). The record shall be filed with the motion to confirm award, and notice of the motion shall be served upon each other party or their respective attorneys in the manner required for service of notice of a motion.

(g) Findings of fact and conclusions of law, as requested by any party prior to the arbitration hearing, shall be promptly provided to the requesting party upon payment of the reasonable cost thereof.

(h) Any party to an arbitration under this section may apply to vacate, modify, or correct the arbitration award for the grounds set out in chapter 658A. All reasonable costs, expenses, and attorneys' fees on appeal shall be charged to the nonprevailing party."]

SECTION 23. Section 514B-162.5, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is repealed.

["~~[§514B-162.5] Voluntary binding arbitration.~~ (a) Any parties permitted to mediate condominium related disputes pursuant to section 514B-161 may agree to enter into voluntary binding arbitration, which may be supported with funds from the condominium education trust fund pursuant to section 514B-71; provided that voluntary binding arbitration under this section may be supported with funds from the condominium education trust fund only after the parties have first attempted evaluative mediation.

~~(b) Any voluntary binding arbitration entered into pursuant to this section and supported with funds from the condominium education trust fund:~~

~~(1)~~ ~~Shall include a fee of $175 to be paid by each party to the arbitrator;~~

~~(2)~~ ~~Shall receive no more from the fund than is appropriate under the circumstances, and in no event more than $6,000 total; and~~

~~(3)~~ May include issues and parties in addition to those identified in subsection (a); provided that a unit owner or a developer and board are parties to the arbitration at all times and the unit owner or developer and the board mutually consent in writing to the addition of the issues and parties."]

SECTION 24. There is appropriated out of the condominium education trust fund the sum of $ or so much thereof as may be necessary for fiscal year 2024-2025 to be deposited into the into the ombudsman's office special fund.

SECTION 25. There is appropriated out of the ombudsman's office special fund the sum of $ or so much thereof as may be necessary for fiscal year 2024-2025 for the administrative costs associated with the establishment of the ombudsman's office within the department of commerce and consumer affairs, including the hiring of necessary staff.

The sum appropriated shall be expended by the department of commerce and consumer affairs for the purposes of this Act.

SECTION 26. In codifying the new sections added by section 2 of this Act, the revisor of statutes shall substitute appropriate section numbers for the letters used in designating the new sections in this Act.

SECTION 27. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored.

SECTION 28. This Act shall take effect on January 1, 2025; provided that sections 24 and 25 shall take effect on July 1, 2024.

INTRODUCED BY:	_____________________________

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES	H.B. NO.	2680
THIRTY-SECOND LEGISLATURE, 2024
STATE OF HAWAII