HB1224

SECTION 1. Article XI, section 3, of the Constitution of the State of Hawaii provides, among other things, that "[t]he State shall conserve and protect agricultural lands, promote diversified agriculture, increase agricultural self-sufficiency and assure the availability of agriculturally suitable lands."

Some of the best agricultural lands in the State are also lands that, because of topography, location, and climate, are desirable for development of housing. The Legislature finds that in the recent past hundreds of acres of agricultural land have been converted into developments that feature homes without agricultural activity, agribusiness, or subsistence farming. Although the homeowners may cultivate a few fruit trees or an herb garden, no meaningful agricultural activity takes place, even though the developments are sometimes called "agricultural subdivisions."

The Legislature further finds that loss of agricultural lands to "fake farms" results in loss of the State's ability to develop sustainable agriculture that could increase food and fuel self-sufficiency for Hawaii's people.

The purpose of this Act is to comply with the mandate of Article XI, section 3 to protect the State's agricultural land by requiring that agricultural land is used for agricultural activities, agribusiness, or subsistence farming, and not for "fake farms."

SECTION 2. Chapter 46, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section, to be appropriately designated, and to read as follows:

"§46-___ Subdivisions on agricultural land. (a) Except as hereinafter provided, each subdivision of land classified in the agricultural district under chapter 205 that is approved by any county shall be subject to the following conditions:

(1) Each lot in the subdivision, except roadways, shall be used for agribusiness or subsistence farming;

(2) Prior to issuing any building permits for construction of a farm dwelling, as defined in section 205-4.5, the county shall require the applicant for the building permit to submit to and obtain approval from the appropriate county authority a farm plan, and shall have substantially established an agricultural activity, agribusiness, or subsistence farm on the lot for which the building permit is sought.

(3) Upon receipt of subdivision approval, the applicant shall cause to be recorded with the bureau of conveyances deed covenants running with the land requiring that the lot owner utilize the lot for agribusiness or subsistence farming.

(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) "Approval" means final approval of a proposed subdivision where the actual division of land into small parcels is sought; approval of a building permit; or approval of a farm plan, as the context may require.

(2) "Agricultural activity" means any of the permitted uses described in section 205-4.5.

(3) "Agribusiness" means a business licensed for the production and sale of products produced from the cultivation, propagation, and raising activities defined as agricultural activity, including the manufacturing of farm equipment and fertilizers, and intended for compensation in any form.

(4) "Subdivision" means the division of improved or unimproved land into two or more lots, parcels, sites, or other divisions of land for the purpose, whether immediate or future, of sale, lease, rental, transfer of title to, or interest in, any or all such lots, parcels, sites, or other divisions of land. The term includes resubdivision and, when appropriate to the context, shall relate to the land subdivided.

(5) "Subsistence farming" means the method of horticulture and/or the agricultural practices described in section 205-2(d) in which a parcel of land produces only enough food to feed the family working it. De minimis agriculture is not evidence of subsistence farming.

(c) This section shall apply to the plan of any subdivision or development on land within the agricultural district pursuant to chapter 205 which has not been approved by the respective counties as of July 1, 2007."

SECTION 3. Section 205-3.1, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:

"(d) The county land use decision-making authority shall serve a copy of the application for a district boundary amendment to the land use commission and the department of business, economic development, and tourism and shall notify the commission and the department in writing thirty days in advance of the time and place of the hearing and the proposed amendments scheduled to be heard at the hearing. No county land use decision-making authority shall approve a change in the land use district boundaries pursuant to this section unless the county land use decision-making authority finds that the proposed boundary is reasonable, does not violate section 205-2, and is consistent with the policies and criteria established pursuant to sections 205-16 and 205-17 and any additional county requirements not in conflict therewith. A change in the state land use district boundaries pursuant to this subsection shall become effective on the day designated by the county land use decision-making authority in its decision. Within sixty days of the effective date of any decision to amend state land use district boundaries by the county land use decision-making authority, the decision and the description and map of the affected property shall be transmitted to the land use commission and the department of business, economic development, and tourism by the county planning director."

SECTION 4. Section 205-4.5, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§205-4.5 Permissible uses within the agricultural districts. (a) Within the agricultural district, all lands [~~with soil classified by the land study bureau's detailed land classification as overall (master) productivity rating class A or B~~] shall be restricted to the following permitted uses:

(1) Cultivation of crops, including but not limited to flowers, vegetables, foliage, fruits, forage, and timber;

(2) Game and fish propagation;

(3) Raising of livestock, including but not limited to poultry, bees, fish, or other animal or aquatic life that are propagated for economic or [~~personal~~] subsistence use;

(4) Farm dwellings, employee housing, farm buildings, or activities or uses related to farming and animal husbandry. "Farm dwelling", as used in this paragraph, means a single-family dwelling located on and used in connection with [~~a farm,~~] agricultural activities, agribusiness, or subsistence farming, including clusters of single-family farm dwellings permitted within agricultural parks developed by the State, or where agricultural activity provides income to the family occupying the dwelling[;] and excludes single-family dwellings in a subdivided development, where there is little or no agricultural activities, agribusiness, or subsistence farming established, and excludes guest cottages;

(5) Public institutions and buildings that are necessary for agricultural practices;

(6) Public and private open area types of recreational uses, including day camps, picnic grounds, parks, and riding stables, but not including dragstrips, airports, drive-in theaters, golf courses, golf driving ranges, country clubs, and overnight camps;

(7) Public, private, and quasi-public utility lines and roadways, transformer stations, communications equipment buildings, solid waste transfer stations, major water storage tanks, and appurtenant small buildings such as booster pumping stations, but not including offices or yards for equipment, material, vehicle storage, repair or maintenance, treatment plants, corporation yards, or other similar structures;

(8) Retention, restoration, rehabilitation, or improvement of buildings or sites of historic or scenic interest;

(9) Roadside stands for the sale of agricultural products grown on the premises;

(10) Buildings and uses, including but not limited to mills, storage, and processing facilities, maintenance facilities, and vehicle and equipment storage areas that are normally considered directly accessory to the abovementioned uses and are permitted under section 205-2(d);

(11) Agricultural parks;

(12) Plantation community subdivisions, which as used in this paragraph means a subdivision or cluster of employee housing, community buildings, and acreage established on land currently or formerly owned, leased, or operated by a sugar or pineapple plantation and in residential use by employees or former employees of the plantation; provided that the employees or former employees shall have a property interest in the land;

[[](13)[]]Agricultural tourism conducted on a working farm, or a farming operation as defined in section 165-2, for the enjoyment, education, or involvement of visitors; provided that the agricultural tourism activity is accessory and secondary to the principal agricultural use and does not interfere with surrounding farm operations; and provided further that this paragraph shall apply only to a county that has adopted ordinances regulating agricultural tourism under section 205-5; or

[[](14)[]] Wind energy facilities, including the appurtenances associated with the production and transmission of wind generated energy; provided that such facilities and appurtenances are compatible with agriculture uses and cause minimal adverse impact on agricultural land.

(b) Uses not expressly permitted in subsection (a) shall be prohibited, except the uses as provided in [~~sections 205-6 and~~] section 205-8, and construction of single-family dwellings on lots existing before June 4, 1976. Any other law to the contrary notwithstanding, no subdivision of land within the agricultural district [~~with soil classified by the land study bureau's detailed land classification as overall (master) productivity rating class A or B~~] shall be approved by a county unless those [~~A and B~~] lands within the subdivision are made subject to the restriction on uses as prescribed in this section and to the condition that the uses shall be [~~primarily~~] exclusively in pursuit of [an] agricultural activity[.], agribusiness, or subsistence farming.

Any deed, lease, agreement of sale, mortgage, or other instrument of conveyance covering any land within the agricultural subdivision shall expressly contain the restriction on uses and the condition, as prescribed in this section; that these restrictions and conditions shall be encumbrances running with the land until such time that the land is reclassified to a land use district other than agricultural district[.], including that the land shall not be subdivided and used for development where the primary purpose of the development is the sale or development of residential homes.

If the foregoing requirement of encumbrances running with the land jeopardizes the owner or lessee in obtaining mortgage financing from any of the mortgage lending agencies set forth in the following paragraph, and the requirement is the sole reason for failure to obtain mortgage financing, then the requirement of encumbrances shall, insofar as such mortgage financing is jeopardized, be conditionally waived by the appropriate county enforcement officer; provided that the conditional waiver shall become effective only in the event that the property is subjected to foreclosure proceedings by the mortgage lender.

The mortgage lending agencies referred to in the preceding paragraph are the Federal Housing Administration, Federal National Mortgage Association, Veterans Administration, Small Business Administration, United States Department of Agriculture, Federal Land Bank of Berkeley, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank of Berkeley, Berkeley Bank for Cooperatives, and any other federal, state, or private mortgage lending agency qualified to do business in Hawaii, and their respective successors and assigns.

[~~(c)~~ Within the agricultural district, all lands with soil classified by the land study bureau's detailed land classification as overall (master) productivity rating class C, D, E, or U shall be restricted to the uses permitted for agricultural districts as set forth in section 205-5(b).

~~(d)~~] (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter to the contrary, golf courses and golf driving ranges approved by a county before July 1, 2005, for development within the agricultural district shall be permitted uses within the agricultural district.

[~~(e)~~] (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter to the contrary, plantation community subdivisions as defined in this section shall be permitted uses within the agricultural district, and section 205-8 shall not apply.

[~~(f)~~] (e) Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, agricultural lands may be subdivided and leased for the agricultural uses or activities permitted in subsection (a); provided that:

(1) The principal use of the leased land is [~~agricultural;~~] for agricultural activities, agribusiness, or subsistence farming;

(2) No permanent or temporary dwellings or farm dwellings, including trailers and campers, are constructed on the leased area. This restriction shall not prohibit the construction of storage sheds, equipment sheds, or other structures appropriate to the agricultural activity carried on within the lot; and

(3) The lease term for a subdivided lot shall be for at least as long as the greater of:

(A) The minimum real property tax agricultural dedication period of the county in which the subdivision is located; or

(B) Five years.

Lots created and leased pursuant to this section shall be legal lots of record for mortgage lending purposes and shall be exempt from county subdivision standards.

(f) For the purposes of this section, the following shall apply:

(1) "Agricultural activity" means any of the permitted uses described in section 205-4.5.

(2) "Agribusiness" means a business licensed for the production and sale of products produced from the cultivation, propagation, and raising activities defined as agricultural activity, including the manufacturing of farm equipment and fertilizers, and intended for compensation in any form.

(3) "Subdivision" means the division of improved or unimproved land into two or more lots, parcels, sites, or other divisions of land for the purpose, whether immediate or future, of sale, lease, rental, transfer of title to, or interest in, any or all such lots, parcels, sites, or other divisions of land. The term includes resubdivision and, when appropriate to the context, shall relate to the land subdivided.

(4) "Subsistence farming" means the method of horticulture and/or the agricultural practices described in section 205-2(d) in which a parcel of land produces only enough food to feed the family working it. De minimis agriculture is not evidence of subsistence farming."

SECTION 5. Section 205-5, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:

"(b) Within agricultural districts, uses compatible to the activities described in section 205-2 as determined by the commission shall be permitted [~~;provided that accessory agricultural uses and services described in sections 205-2 and 205-4.5 may be further defined by each county by zoning ordinance~~]. Each county within eighteen months of the effective date of this section, shall adopt ordinances setting forth procedures and requirements, including provisions for enforcement, penalties, and administrative oversight, for the review and permitting of agricultural tourism uses and activities as an accessory use on a working farm, or farming operation as defined in section 165-2; provided that agricultural tourism activities shall not be permissible in the absence of a bona fide farming operation. Ordinances shall include but not be limited to:

(1) Requirements for access to a farm, including road width, road surface, and parking;

(2) Requirements and restrictions for accessory facilities connected with the farming operation, including gift shops and restaurants; provided that overnight accommodations shall not be permitted;

(3) Activities that may be offered by the farming operation for visitors;

(4) Days and hours of operation; and

(5) Automatic termination of the accessory use upon the cessation of the farming operation.

Each county may require an environmental assessment under chapter 343 as a condition to any agricultural tourism use and activity. Other uses may be allowed by special permits issued pursuant to this chapter. The minimum lot size in agricultural districts shall be determined by each county by zoning ordinance, subdivision ordinance, or other lawful means; provided that the minimum lot size for any agricultural use shall not be less than [~~one acre,~~] five acres, except as provided herein. If the county finds that unreasonable economic hardship to the owner or lessee of land cannot otherwise be prevented or where land utilization is improved, the county may allow lot sizes of less than the minimum lot size as specified by law for lots created by a consolidation of existing lots within an agricultural district and the resubdivision thereof; provided that the consolidation and resubdivision do not result in an increase in the number of lots over the number existing prior to consolidation; and provided further that in no event shall a lot, which is equal to or exceeds the minimum lot size of [~~one acre~~] five acres be less than that minimum after the consolidation and resubdivision action. The county may also allow lot sizes of less than the minimum lot size as specified by law for lots created or used for plantation community subdivisions as defined in section 205-4.5(a)(12), for public, private, and quasi-public utility purposes, and for lots resulting from the subdivision of abandoned roadways and railroad easements."

SECTION 6. Section 205-6, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:

"(a) Subject to this section, the county planning commission may permit certain unusual and reasonable uses within agricultural and rural districts other than those for which the district is classified[.]; provided that such use is not otherwise prohibited by sections 205-2 or 205-4.5(b). Any person who desires to use the person's land within an agricultural or rural district other than for an agricultural or rural use, as the case may be, may petition the planning commission of the county within which the person's land is located for permission to use the person's land in the manner desired. Each county may establish the appropriate fee for processing the special permit petition. Copies of the special permit petition shall be forwarded to the land use commission, the office of planning, and the department of agriculture for their review and comment."

SECTION 7. Section 205-6, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:

"(c) The county planning commission may, under such protective restrictions as may be deemed necessary, permit the desired use, but only when the use would promote the effectiveness and objectives of this chapter; provided that a use proposed for agricultural lands or for designated important agricultural lands shall not conflict with any part of this chapter. A decision in favor of the applicant shall require a majority vote of the total membership of the county planning commission."

SECTION 8. Section 205-6, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:

"(d) Special permits for land designated rural, the area of which is greater than fifteen acres or for lands designated agricultural or as important agricultural lands shall be subject to approval by the land use commission. The land use commission may impose additional restrictions as may be necessary or appropriate in granting the approval, including the adherence to representations made by the applicant."

SECTION 9. The lawful use of land or buildings on the effective date of this Act may be continued although the use does not conform to this Act; provided that no nonconforming use of land shall be expanded or changed to another nonconforming use. If any nonconforming use of land is discontinued, then the provisions of this Act shall apply.

SECTION 10. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored.

SECTION 11. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

INTRODUCED BY:

_____________________________

BY REQUEST

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES	H.B. NO.	1224
TWENTY-FOURTH LEGISLATURE, 2007
STATE OF HAWAII