Claim against the ferry system, see §§268-11 to 15.

State v. Rogers: The Limits of State Tort Liability. 8 HBJ 89.

Section was not applied retroactively. 832 F.2d 1116.

To the extent that the plaintiffs predicated their negligence and negligent infliction of emotional distress claims upon the department of education's (DOE) negligent retention and supervision of teacher, paragraph (4) did not insulate the DOE from liability; given that plaintiffs had alleged that the DOE reasonably should have anticipated that teacher would molest the girl students, their negligent retention and supervision claims did not "arise out" of teacher's acts of molestation. 100 H. 34, 58 P.3d 545.

Where a plaintiff's negligence claim against the State seeks to hold the State vicariously liable for a state employee's assault, battery, false imprisonment, etc. under the doctrine of respondeat superior, the State is, pursuant to paragraph (4), immune from the plaintiff's claims. 100 H. 34, 58 P.3d 545.

Distinction between governmental activity and private activity is not valid basis for determining liability. 51 H. 293, 459 P.2d 378.

Acts done on operational level are not within exception. 51 H. 293, 459 P.2d 378; 52 H. 156, 472 P.2d 509.

Immunities retained in paragraphs (1) and (4) are not applicable to the city and county prosecuting attorney or to the city and county of Honolulu. 56 H. 241, 534 P.2d 489.

Discretionary function exception discussed re highway design. 57 H. 656, 562 P.2d 436.

State has not waived its immunity in defamation actions. 1 H. App. 517, 620 P.2d 771.

Claim for negligent and/or intentional infliction of emotional distress against Hawaii civil rights commission not barred under paragraph (1), as acts of investigating complaint, instituting suit based on finding of reasonable cause, and sending demand letter were part of routine operations of commission and did not involve broad policy considerations encompassed within the discretionary function exception. 88 H. 85, 962 P.2d 344.

The discretionary function exception in paragraph (1) is limited to situations in which a government agent is engaged in the effectuation of "broad public policy"; the investigation of a complaint by the Hawaii civil rights commission, in and of itself, does not involve such considerations; thus, a counterclaim for negligence in the performance of an investigation is not barred by sovereign immunity. 88 H. 85, 962 P.2d 344.

Decision not to improve guardrail, at time of highway resurfacing project, constituted an operational level decision that did not fall within the discretionary function exception of paragraph (1). 91 H. 60, 979 P.2d 1086.

Discussed. 51 H. 150, 454 P.2d 112.

Constitutional violations. 77-1 HLR 77-267.