HRS 0013D-0001 ANNOTATIONS

Constitutional provision, see Const. Art. XII, §5.

A voter must qualify as a Hawaiian in his or her own right, not on the basis of the racial descent of the adoptive parents. Att. Gen. Op. 80-6.

To Dwell on the Earth in Unity: Rice, Arakaki, and the Growth of Citizenship and Voting Rights in Hawai`i. V HBJ No. 13, at pg. 15.

The California Civil Rights Initiative: Why It's Here, Its Far Reaching Effects, and the Unique Situation in Hawai`i. 22 UH L. Rev. 279.

Matters of Trust: Unanswered Questions After Rice v. Cayetano. 23 UH L. Rev. 363.

State's electoral restriction enacted a race-based voting qualification; Hawaii's denial of petitioner's right to vote, where petitioner was not a "Hawaiian", was a clear violation of the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. 528 U.S. 495.