Numeric designations deleted and definitions rearranged.

Cost items are those that require new or additional appropriation for implementation. Att. Gen. Op. 72-10.

Dates upon which plaintiffs were paid not a "cost item" as that term is defined in this section. 125 F. Supp. 2d 1237.

"Impasse" means failure after good-faith negotiations. 56 H. 85, 528 P.2d 809.

Though designated as an "incumbent" employee, plaintiff was "essential employee" where plaintiff: (1) received notice by same means as essential employee; (2) was prohibited from striking; and (3) was subject to discipline for not working if scheduled to work during a strike. 87 H. 191, 953 P.2d 569.